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Patients with skin conditions frequently endure physical, emotional, and socioeconomic forms of social embarrassment. Up to 3.5% of the global total and 0.44%-2.8% of Indians suffer with the unpleasant dermatological disorder psoriasis. It is a widespread, chronic, non-infectious skin condition that can affect either sexes and affect any age, with incidence rates ranging from childhood to age one. It is characterized by well-defined, slightly elevated, dry, erythematous macules with silvery scales and a characteristic extensor distribution. In contrast to other dermatological disorders, psoriasis manifests as systemic symptoms like arthritis. The prevalence is highest in the third and fourth decades of life, when patients become unable of doing daily tasks. For some patients, social humiliation is a significant factor which leads to an increase in suicidal ideation. To raise public awareness, the 29th October has been designated as World Psoriasis Day. The Ayurvedic term for skin is "Charma" or "Twacha." Twacha is derived from the word Dhatu-twacha samvarne, which means body covering. The broad categories of Kushtha have been used to discuss all skin conditions in Ayurveda. There are two types of Kustha in Ayurveda. Mahakustha and Kshudra Kustha. Kitibha kustha belongs to Kshudra kustha.
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BACKGROUND Most individuals with Covid-19 infection develop antibodies specific to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the dynamics of these antibodies is variable and not well-studied. We aimed to determine the titres of naturally acquired antibodies over a 12-week follow-up. METHODS We recruited healthcare workers who had tested positive on a specific quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2, and then tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against the same virus at baseline and again at 6 and 12 weeks. The antibody titre was determined by a semi-quantitative assay based on signal/cut-off ratio. Healthcare workers with antibody positivity were divided into those with high titre (ratio ?12) and low titre (<12). Their demographic details and risk factors were surveyed through a Google form and analysed in relation to the antibody titres at three time-points. RESULTS Of the 286 healthcare workers, 10.48% had high antibody titres. Healthcare workers who had tested positive by qRT-PCR and those who had received the Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination or other immune-boosters had a higher frequency of high antibody titres. While there was a significant decline in antibody titres at 6 and 12 weeks, 87.46% of individuals positive for IgG antibody persisted to have the antibody even at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION Healthcare workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on qRT-PCR had a high positivity for the specific antibody, which continued to express in them even at 12 weeks. Further follow-up is likely to enhance our understanding of antibody kinetics following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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At the end of 2019, China exploded COVID-19 and mushroomed rapidly throughout every nation. Due to the information received by the media, this message has spread somewhere in the minds of the people. Covid-19 is a complicated, difficult to treat, or horrifying disease. Although the severity of symptoms and the lethality of the virus directly causing the disease cannot be ruled out or ignored, but somewhere, the negligence of the imbalance in the nature of the basic elements of the body is the reason for the fatality of this disease. According to Aacharya Charak, "there can be hundreds of alternatives for the pathogen of any disease," but "this body is the only option for pathogens to cause hundreds of diseases." Which is why this should be the major focus for treatment in any stream of medical science and Ayurveda is a science of 'ayu', meaning harmony of health and life or journey of healthy life. This reveals that there is a high opportunity to evaluate the range of relevant drugs available in the Ayurvedic that may be employed more rationally to complement each stage of the disease. The Ayurvedic literature provides no explicit mention of this illness but according to the similarity of symptoms despite the occurrence of diseases, there is a special outbreak of Vata and Kapha. This disease can be reconciled in Janpadudhwansh janya diseases, Visham jwara and Vatshleshmic jwara.
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Context: Post stroke sexual dysfunction in adult survivors frequently goes under-considered in medical practice. Sexual dysfunction following stroke is thought to result from multiple factors like organic and/or psychosocial and physical. Aim: To study the sexual functioning, sexual concerns and sexual satisfaction in males stroke survivors. Methods: It was a cross sectional questionnaire based study in the Neurological Rehabilitation department of a tertiary care Institute in 33 adult male stroke survivors in the age more than 21 years with at least 3 months of community dwelling post discharge. The sexual functions recorded were (1) libido/desire, (2) coital frequency, (3) sexual arousal (4) erectile function using IIEF score (5) ejaculation using PEDT score and (6) sexual satisfaction Results: Thirty three eligiblemale stroke survivors in the age range from 25-54 years (mean 42.5 years) with post-stroke duration of 3-45 months (mean 16.6 months) were included in the study. Of them, 14 had experienced stroke within 12 months and 19 had experienced stroke > 12 months ago. Thirteen participants were sexually inactive and reported no coitus because of a loss of erection. The sexually active stroke survivors reported a moderate recovery of libido (60%), coital frequency (60%), erectile function (63%), orgasm (32%) and sexual satisfaction (25%) while others had poor recovery. Erectile dysfunction was present in 16 cases, an-ejaculation in 18 cases and premature ejaculation in 9 cases. Hypertension and depression with a history of smoking posed a higher risk of erectile dysfunctions. Conclusion: Exploration of sexual dysfunctions and sexual counselling by clinicians should be part of the comprehensive stroke rehabilitation program in sub-acute care.
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Male infertility makes up half of all infertility globally, and numerous etiological factors play a significant role to it. Oligoasthenozospermia is a sperm disorder that involves two disorders at the same time, Oligozoospermia (low sperm count) and Asthenozoospermia (Abnormal sperm motility). The signs and symptoms of oligoasthenozoospermia can be co-related with Kshina Shukra in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda Asta-vidha Shukra dushti are mentioned. Kshina Shukra is one among the Asta-vidha Shukra dushti, in which qualitative as well quantitative vitiation of Shukra dhatu occur. While describing the Dushti associated with Shukra and Artava, Vagbhatacharya explained Kshina Shukra as a pathological condition caused by vitiated Vata and Pitta. The present case study explains the role of Shodana aushadi and Shamana aushadi in the management of oligoasthenozoospermia. The patient has report of low sperm count and abnormal morphology was subjected to Ayurvedic management protocol initially Shodana treatment and then Shamana aushadi, administration of Satavari Kshira paka for 30 days. This Ayurvedic treatment protocol including a combination of both Shodana and Shaman therapies were helpful in improving the seminal parameters like sperm count will increase from 10 million/ml to 90 million/ml, Actively motility increase from 0% to 30%, Moderately motility increase from 0% to 30%, Slightly motility increase from 10% to 20%, Non motile decrease from 90% to 20% and number of normal spermatozoa increase to 98%. Hence this approach can be considered in patients with low sperm count and motility.
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A severe and rare fungal illness, Mucormycosis also known as black fungus affecting some corona virus patient. It occurs in people with Diabetes, Hypertension, reduced immunity and immune-compromised state. Various pharmacological interventions are used for this treatment but little efficacy and its prognosis is also poor. Certain Panchakarma procedures and internal Ayurvedic medicines have been proved to be beneficial in the management of fungal sinusitis. A 79 year old male patient with complaints of sinusitis, facial and eye pain, generalized muscular pain especially over the nape of neck, right arm, and right leg, discoloration of skin, nasal congestion came to Panchakarma OPD in university college of Ayurveda, Rajasthan Ayurveda University Campus Jodhpur for treatment. The present report deals with a case of Rhino Orbito cerebral Mucormycosis managed by Panchakarma treatment along with internal medicines. The Ayurvedic diagnoses of Raktaja Pratishyaya and Krimija Shiroroga were made, and Panchakarma treatments such as Kavala/Gandusha (gargling), Nasya (nasal medication), Dhumapana and Karnapurana were performed, followed by internal medicines for 30 days. Nasyakarma is especially desired for diseases of the parts above the base of the neck (above the clavicle). This treatment method was found effective in controlling the progressive symptoms and improving the functional ability of the patient.
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Background: Silver Nanoparticles are drawing significant attention from the scientific community to explore a wide range of its medical applications. Human body is under constant stress due to free radicals generated by the physiological and pathological conditions in the body. Scavenging systems or Antioxidants can help alleviate the damages caused by these radicals which can influence the course of progress in several chronic diseases with an inflammatory background. External antioxidants supplement and facilitate the overwhelmed scavenging systems in the body.Silver Nanoparticles can enhance the therapeutic effects of phytochemicals. Aim: To Synthesize silver nanoparticles using the phytochemical Hesperidin and studying its Free radical scavenging activity. Methods: Silver Nanoparticles are synthesized using chemical reduction method. The synthesis is confirmed using spectrophotometric studies. Free Radical scavenging activity is detected using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH �) free radical scavenging assay. Results: Silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized which was confirmed by the change in color of the solution and peak absorbance peak at 420 nM on spectrophotometric studies.Hesperidin Silver Nanoparticles exhibited higher free radical scavenging activity when compared with pure hesperidin and standard Ascorbic acid. Conclusion: Hesperidin can ideally be used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and the synthesized Silver Nanoparticles enhances the free radical scavenging activity of Hesperidin which can further be evaluated by In Vivo studies.
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Background: Silver Nanoparticles are extensively studied by the scientific community for therapeutic applications. With respect to the fundamental pillars of bioethics 揚rimum non nocere� equal emphasis should be given to evaluate the toxicological perspectives of Silver nanoparticles. This study aims at evaluating the InVitro cytotoxic effects of Silver nanoparticles synthesized using hesperidin. Aim: To study the In Vitro cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles on PBMC cells using (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Methods: Synthesized silver nanoparticles at various concentrations are incubated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). After 24 hours MTT is added to the mixture to evaluate the cell viability post incubation. Yellow MTT (a tetrazole) which is reduced to purple formazan in the mitochondria of living cells. The absorbance of this colored solution can be quantified by measuring at 570 nm by a spectrophotometer. This reduction takes place only when mitochondrial reductase enzymes are active, and therefore conversion can be directly related to the number of viable (living) cells. Results: ?.Conclusion: Silver Nanoparticles do not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity on PBMCs and also there were no dose dependent trends in the results.
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BACKGROUND@#Tissue engineering centers on creating a niche similar to the natural one, with a purpose of developing an organ construct. A natural scaffold can replace none while creating a scaffold unique to each tissue in composition, architecture and cues that regulate the character of cells. @*METHODS@#Whole pancreas from mouse was decellularized using detergent and enzymes, followed by recellularizing with MSC from human placenta. This construct was transplanted in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Histopathology of both decellularized and recellularized transplanted pancreas and qPCR analysis were performed to assess its recovery. @*RESULTS@#Decellularization removes the cells leaving behind extracellular matrix rich natural scaffold. After reseeding with mesenchymal stem cells, these cells differentiate into pancreas specific cells. Upon transplantation in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice, this organ was capable of restoring its histomorphology and functioning. Restoration of endocrine (islets), the exocrine region (acinar) and vascular network was seen in transplanted pancreas. The process of functional recovery of endocrine system took about 20 days when the mice start showing blood glucose reduction, though none achieved gluconormalization. @*CONCLUSION@#Natural decellularized scaffolds of soft organs can be refunctionalized using recipient’s mesenchymal stem cells to restore structure and function; and counter immune problems arising during transplantation.
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BACKGROUND@#Tissue engineering centers on creating a niche similar to the natural one, with a purpose of developing an organ construct. A natural scaffold can replace none while creating a scaffold unique to each tissue in composition, architecture and cues that regulate the character of cells. @*METHODS@#Whole pancreas from mouse was decellularized using detergent and enzymes, followed by recellularizing with MSC from human placenta. This construct was transplanted in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Histopathology of both decellularized and recellularized transplanted pancreas and qPCR analysis were performed to assess its recovery. @*RESULTS@#Decellularization removes the cells leaving behind extracellular matrix rich natural scaffold. After reseeding with mesenchymal stem cells, these cells differentiate into pancreas specific cells. Upon transplantation in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice, this organ was capable of restoring its histomorphology and functioning. Restoration of endocrine (islets), the exocrine region (acinar) and vascular network was seen in transplanted pancreas. The process of functional recovery of endocrine system took about 20 days when the mice start showing blood glucose reduction, though none achieved gluconormalization. @*CONCLUSION@#Natural decellularized scaffolds of soft organs can be refunctionalized using recipient’s mesenchymal stem cells to restore structure and function; and counter immune problems arising during transplantation.
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Aims andObjectives:To evaluate wound healing and patient’s comfort after oral soft tissue surgical procedures performed by diode laser in comparison with diathermy Methods:This study includes 20 patients requiring oral soft tissue surgical procedures are randomly categorized into group A and group B of 10 patients each. Group A patients will undergo diathermy and group B patients will undergo laser therapy. Clinical assessment and photographs of patients will be done preoperatively and postoperatively on 1st day, 3rd day, 7th day, 2nd week and 4th week. Evaluation of postoperative bleeding, pain, infection and healing will be carried out. Results:At the end of the studythe assessment of parameters such as bleeding, swelling, wound healing, presence of infection were approximately similar in both the treatment methods to be insignificant, 70% of the patients included in this study under the laser group were very satisfied with the procedure & the pain experience by the patients in the same group was comparatively less, when compared to the diathermy group Conclusion:The observations suggest that both the treatment options were effective although laser proves better in terms of minimal bleeding, pain, reduced swelling, faster healing and patient’s comfort. Further research and a longer follow up period is desirable for a definitive conclusion
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Background: Anaemia is a global public health problem. InIndia, Jharkhand state is one of the state where under nutritionis highly prevalent. Most of the health problems like lowimmunity, Anaemia, hypoprotienemia arise due to low proteinintake. During erythropoiesis, Haemoglobin synthesis requiresprotein, Vitamin B12, Folic acid, Vitamin C as well as mineralslike Fe, Cu etc. Adequate nutrition is of prime importance andthis is reflected in plasma also.Objectives: To assess the level of Hb and plasma proteinamong study subjects with a co-relation of Hb with plasmaprotein.Materials and Methods: Present study was undertaken atMGM Medical College, Jamshedpur. 177 participants wereselected for the study and the data were obtained on differentvariables. Blood samples were also taken from the participants.Results: Most of the study subjects were anaemic. Anaemiawas more common among female subjects in comparison withmales. The present study found a positive co-relation betweenHb and Plasma protein.Conclusion: There is a strong co-relation observed betweenplasma protein, daily protein intake, and BMI withhaemoglobin.
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Background: Type II Diabetes mellitus has emerged as aglobal public health problem with more effect on developingworld. India is considered to become epicentre of DM in nearfuture. Serum uric acid is a by-product of purine metabolism.Most of the studies provide a positive relationship betweenhyperglycemia & hyperuricemia.Objectives: To co-relate the level of serum uric acid ineuglycemic persons having family history of DM and in personshaving no family history of DM and to assess the level ofHbA1c among these two groups.Materials and Methods: Present study was undertaken atMGM Medical College, Jamshedpur and Sadar Hospital,Jamshedpur with a sample size of 60 (30 in each group).Results: The present study didn’t find any significantdifference in serum uric acid between two groups although asignificant difference was observed in HbA1c in both groups.
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Background: Drugs that are dispensed against a valid prescription issued to a patient by a registered medical practitioner are known as 損rescription-only drugs�. In India, they have been regulated under schedule H, H1, G, and X of the Drugs and Rules (1945). The drugs which are not included in the list of 損rescription-only drugs� are considered to be over-the-counter drugs (OTC). There is no provision for an OTC drug schedule in the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules 1945, and these drugs have higher chances of misuse or abuse. This study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice among medical interns about OTC drugs in a tertiary care hospital in India.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which was conducted at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, from March 2018 to September 2018. A pre-validated questionnaire consisting of 24 questions to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice was administered to 80 medical interns chosen by simple randomization, out of which 14 questions were related to knowledge, 6 related to attitude and 4 related to the practice. The participants were provided 30 minutes to complete the questionnaire. The data recorded were analyzed using Microsoft Excel.Results: There were some gaps in the knowledge, attitude and practice among the medical interns about OTC medications.Conclusions: There is a need for special emphasis on the MBBS curriculum about the use of OTC drugs.
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Background: The growing prevalence of obesity among school adolescents is a major public health concern. It can be seen mostly as a result of modifiable risk factors like lack of required physical activity and rapid change in dietary habits among them.Methods: The present cross sectional descriptive study was done among adolescents studying in schools (government and private) of Bhopal city. School adolescents were classified as obese and non-obese as per the WHO criteria used for obesity in South East Asia Region (SEAR). Pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which comprised of socio demographic information and various dietary habits like frequent consumption of fast & fried food, bakery products and little dietary behavior.Results: Out of total 6.6% obese school adolescents, majority of them consume fast foods (82%), fried foods (89%) and bakery products (79.5%) and all of these were positively associated with increased risk of obesity. Few eating behaviours like skipping breakfast, frequent snacking and eating outside were also found positively associated.Conclusions: There is definitely a major role of dietary habits for increased risk of obesity among school adolescents. So, it is the need of hour to create awareness among school adolescents regarding their dietary habits.
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Background: A great deal of interest in transbronchial needlespiration (TBNA) lies in its utility as a staging tool in patientswith bronchogenic carcinoma. The aim of this study toevaluated the diagnostic yield of TBNA in cases of lungcancers and mediastinal masses or adenopathy.Materials & Methods: The study was carried out and datawere gathered in a prospective fashion and all the data werereviewed retrospectively. Samples were collected from allpatients bronchial washings (BW), brush biopsy (BB), EBB,and TBNA. All TBNA specimens were sent for cytologicevaluation without ROSE as per recommended guidelines.Results: The mean age of studied cases was 58.07 years. Thecommon radiological presentation on x-ray chest was masslesions in 76.66%, mediastinal widening 60%, consolidation26.66% and SPN 3.33% of cases. The diagnostic yield ofvarious bronchoscopic procedure were 27% by BW, 47% byBB, 60% by EBB, 87% by TBNA.Conclusion: We conclude that the overall diagnostic yield offlexible bronchoscopy procedure is increased in patients withEML or SPD by the addition of TBNA. The TBNA is a safeprocedure that should be routinely used to increase diagnosticyield in patients with EML or SPD. In cases of SPD, TBNAshould be considered the procedure of choice.
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Introduction: Medical school museums are a permanent educational resource that provides access at the individual’s convenience. Many factors contributed to the decline of museum use: the high maintenance costs and the large amount of floor space. So, the objective of the present study was to assess the effect of “upgraded museum” settings on medical student’s satisfaction, knowledge, attitude and skills and to compare with traditional teaching settings. Material and Methods: All the 148 students were taught breast and thyroid topics during lecture hours. Pre-test was conducted for whole batch before the tutorials, using 50 multiple choice questions. For tutorials, students were divided into two groups (A and B) of 74 and 74 respectively. Group A (control group) were subjected to the traditional museum setting tutorials of having question / answer session and clarifying student doubts. Group B (experimental group) were exposed to innovative teaching &Learning aids like QR code generation and pasting it on museum specimens and corresponding slides and reading them by using smart phone applications. At the end of the two tutorial topics, all students (both control group and experimental group) were subjected to an examination having 50 multiple choice questions. Results: Group wise analysis of motivational levels based on Post-test Score (Experimental Group vs. Control Group) (Both topics). The significant t-value in the post tests indicates that the motivational levels of the Experiment group are much more than the control group of II year MBBS students. Conclusion: Innovative teaching &Learning methods at museum contribute to the improvement of skills; they provide a means for fun in the course, enrich the educational environment, encourage active participation and contribute to the reinforcement of knowledge gained in the course.
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Background: Pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders are one of the commonest complication of pregnancy which accounts for 12% of the maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Dyslipidemias are associated with endothelial dysfunction that may result in proteinuria and hypertension which is a clinical hallmark of PIH. It affects both maternal health as well as fetal growth. Hence, this study was done to assess the role of altered lipid profile in the development of PIH.Methods: A Case Control study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Kurnool Medical College and Govt General Hospital, Kurnool in collaboration with its Obstetrics Dept during the period of November 2015-2017. A total of 300 pregnant women, primigravida /multigravida with singleton pregnancy, in the age group of 18‐ 35 years with >20 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Subjects were divided into gestational hypertensives, n=39 (BP ≥140/80) and preeclamptic women, n=111 (≥140/80 and proteinuria) as cases. Age matched normotensive pregnant women, n=150 (BP 120/80) were recruited as Controls. Subjects with history of multiple pregnancies, pregnancy with congenital anomalies, chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac/thyroid/hepatic/renal disease, dyslipidemia were excluded. Total cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL were performed.Results: A comparison of these values between hypertensive and normotensive women showed a significant rise in TC, TG, LDL and VLDL. HDL-C showed a significant decrease in hypertensive women compared to normal pregnant women. LDL: HDL and TG:HDL ratios were higher in PIH group.Conclusions: The results of this study suggests an abnormal lipid metabolism, predominantly high TG concentrations and low HDL-C, which may add to the promotion of vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress seen in PIH. This association is significant in understanding the development of hypertension during pregnancy and is useful in early diagnosis and prevention of PIH.
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Background: A maternal near-miss case is defined by World Health Organization (WHO) as “a woman who nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy.” Severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) is the acronym for the more popular term of ‘near-miss’ cases. There are approximately 118 life threatening events of “near miss mortality” or SAMM for each maternal death. Analysing near miss cases can prevent maternal death.Methods: It is a retrospective study based on medical records. Sample size is all the pregnant cases admitted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in AIMSR, Hyderabad, Telangana, India over the period of January 2015- June 2017 (two and half years) i.e. 2276. All records were gathered and each record that satisfy near miss criteria/maternal mortality were segregated, data has been collected on the occurrence of severe pregnancy-related complications or those who require critical interventions and admission to intensive care unit as per the proforma (according to WHO near miss questionnaire). Data entry done in MS Excel and analyzed using Epi Info.Results: Total MNM/SAMM patients were 85 out of 2276 pregnant women (3.7%). The duration of the stay, potential life-threatening conditions (PTLC), critical interventions, organ dysfunctions, mode of delivery, treatment for PPH, hypertensive disorders and associated conditions among SAMM patients were calculated. SAMM patients who has severe post-partum hemorrhage PPH were 24.7%, severe pre-eclampsia was 31.7%, eclampsia was 2.4%, patients with both severe PPH and eclampsia were 2.4%.Conclusions: Near misses can be prevented to some extent by spreading awareness about possible obstetric complications and risk stratification. The WHO tool for analysis of maternal near miss or SAMM can identify more preventable causes of maternal death. Prospective monitoring of maternal morbidity may be useful in identifying determinants of severe maternal mortality.
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In most cases, kyphoscoliosis is idiopathic. However, this is a diagnosis of exclusion and can be made only if no cause can be identified. Kyphoscoliosis can occur due to various causes. Isolated sternal anomalies may also cause kyphoscoliosis secondary to the bony deformity though this has not previously been reported in literature. We have reported a case of kyphoscoliosis secondary to isolated sternal hypoplasia with complete absence of bony and cartilaginous elements of the body and xiphoid process of the sternum without any associated deformities of mediastinal structures, lung parenchyma or soft tissues in a young male patient. Careful evaluation of patients with kyphoscoliosis can ensure timely diagnosis of unusual and potentially treatable causes for the same such as sternal anomalies. Addition of lateral chest radiographs to the imaging protocol for evaluation of kyphoscoliosis can play a major role in timely diagnosis of such cases.